What is Security Awareness?
Security Awareness is the set of activities aimed at making employees aware of cyber threats, safe behaviour, and their role in information security. It is an essential part of an organisation-wide cybersecurity strategy.
In OT environments, Security awareness is crucial because human errors often lead to incidents, such as Malware via USB or unintended configuration changes.
🧠 How does Security Awareness work?
- Identification of risks per target group
- Operators, engineers, IT staff, contractors, management
- Training and simulations
- Phishing tests, secure password practices, incident reporting
- Policy and communication
- Recognisable reporting channels, codes of conduct, clear procedures
- Continuous improvement
- Post-incident evaluation, feedback, regular updates
Security awareness is not a one-off training but a continuous process woven into culture and working practice.
🏭 Security Awareness in industrial networks
- Training operators on the risks of unsecured USB drives
- Instructing administrators on the importance of Least Privilege and RBAC
- Regular reminders about secure access to SCADA and HMI systems
- Simulations of phishing emails targeting OT personnel
- Communication on reporting unusual behaviour or suspicious network activity
In OT: availability is the priority, but security must dovetail seamlessly with it.
🔍 Security Awareness vs. Technical Measures
| Aspect | Security Awareness | Technical measures |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Human behaviour | Technology and configuration |
| Example | Knowing not to plug in an unknown USB | Firewall, anomaly detection, SIEM |
| Approach | Training, culture, communication | Tools, updates, segmentation |
| Role in OT | Prevents errors and circumvention of systems | Enforces policy through technology |
🔐 Security aspects
- Reduces the risk of insider threats through awareness
- Supports policies on Remote Access, patch management, Backup
- Increases willingness to report incidents
- Part of compliance with IEC 62443, NIS2, ISO 27001
- Strengthens collaboration between IT, OT, and security
A well-trained user is the first line of defence against many OT threats.
📌 In summary
Security Awareness is indispensable in OT networks for preventing human error, misuse, and social engineering. By training and engaging users, you turn people into a valuable part of your defence.